Degree of protection IP, interpretation of values

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Content:

IP, GOST and other standards
Deciphering the marking
Degree of protection against dust
Degree of protection against moisture
Additional letters
Auxiliary symbols
Note

All electrical products are marked taking into account the degree of protection of the structure from aggressive influences. By reading simple symbols, it is easy to find out how the layout of this equipment is resistant to moisture, dust, and other adverse factors. Therefore, it is advisable for each buyer to know how to correctly decipher this or that marking.

IP, GOST and other standards

There are several standards that regulate the determination of the level of resistance of the layout of various devices to aggressive influences:

IEC 60529:2013 — an international regulation developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission.
GOST 14254-2015 — an international standard in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Similar to IEC 60529.
DIN40050-9 is a German regulation that extends the IEC 60529 standards to the possibility of washing equipment with a hot water jet with high pressure.
DIN EN 60529 (VDE 0470) is a national standard developed by the German Institute for Standardization. Similar to IEC 60529.

Deciphering the marking

The degree of protection of the design of electronic and electrical equipment is usually denoted by a combination of two Latin letters IP (Eng. Ingress Protection, Russian. «Protection against penetration») with a pair of Arabic numerals from 0 before 9. The first digit determines the level of resistance of the shell to the penetration of dust, and the second — moisture.

Often, two more conventional signs are used in marking — an additional letter (A, B, C, D) and an auxiliary symbol (H, M, S). The former indicate the degree of protection against electric shock, and the latter indicate the test method.

Degree of protection against dust

*Deciphering the first digit of the standard — protection against dust and damage*
IP 0—	Open layout. Protection against mechanical damage and dust penetration into the case is not provided. There is no insulation of current-carrying parts.
*IP 1*—	The design is protected from objects larger than 50 mm. There is protection against electric shock when touching the palms of the hands.
*IP 2*—-	The layout eliminates the ingress of small objects larger than 12 mm. Current-carrying parts are isolated, when touched by fingers, electric shock does not occur.
*IP 3*—	The shell prevents the penetration of particles larger than 2.5 mm. Isolation of current-carrying elements protects against electric shock when touched by fingers.
*IP 4*—	Protection against hard crumbs with fractions of more than 1 mm and electric shock when touched by fingers.
*IP 5*—	No ingress of dust. Live parts are insulated.
*IP6*—	Fully dust-tight, insulated layout.

Degree of protection against moisture

*Deciphering the second digit of the standard — moisture protection*
*IP -0 —*	Open execution. Protection of the structure from condensate and moisture ingress is not provided.
*IP−1*—	The shell protects against large drops falling vertically.
*IP-2*—	The layout excludes the penetration of splashes falling with a slope of up to 15⁰ from the vertical.
*IP-3*—	The shell is protected from the penetration of large drops falling with a vertical slope of up to 60⁰.
*IP-4*—	Protects the housing against splashes from all directions.
*IP-5*—	Moisture ingress is excluded during short-term exposure to the body of a water jet of moderate intensity.
*IP-6*—	Protected against exposure to powerful water flow.
*IP-7*—	Short-term immersion in liquid, including salt water up to 1 m is allowed.
*IP−8*—	Fully waterproof shell even when submerged in water for longer than 1 meter.
*IP−9*—	Sealed shell with protection against a powerful stream of hot water.

Additional letters

*Deciphering the third letter*
IP *-A-*	Insulation that protects against electric shock when touching the case with the back of the palms of the hands.
IP *-B-*	Protection when touching the body with your fingers.
IP *-C-*	The insulated shell protects a person when touching the structure with a hand tool.
*IP -D-*	The shell excludes electric shock even when touching the case with a wire, another single conductor.

Auxiliary symbols

*Deciphering the fourth character*
IP —H	Equipment with a high voltage connection or generating high voltage.
IP —M	The device was tested in motion.
IP —S	The instrument was tested in a stationary (stationary) position.

Note

Sometimes in the marking of the degree of protection, instead of one or more characters, a symbol is indicated — x. For example, IPX7, IP 5X or even IP XX. This designation indicates that dust and/or moisture resistance tests have not been carried out.

If the equipment has passed comprehensive tests, the marking may simultaneously indicate several degrees or options of protection. For example, IP55/IP57 — the shell is protected from exposure to the body of a moderate jet of cold water and from short-term immersion to a shallow depth within 1 m.

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