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Recently, in our country, people have begun to actively install utility meters. Moreover, if earlier it was more of a whim than a necessity, now the mandatory presence of a meter is fixed by law. Let’s see how heat meters work, what they are and how they are installed.
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Heat meter device
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Heat saving
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General house and apartment heat meters
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Individual heat metering
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Requirements and installation of heat meters
Heat meter device
The heat meter consists of the following main elements:
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primary flow converter (flow meter),
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temperature sensors,
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heat calculator.
flow meter — This is the main component of any counter. As the name implies, this device is responsible for measuring the flow of hot water entering the heating system. Models of meters that are currently on the market mainly use two types of flow sensors: tachometric and ultrasonic.
Tachometric flowmeters perform their task quite accurately, while they are distinguished by an affordable price. For the safety of the device, it is important that it is protected by a mechanical filter.
Ultrasonic flowmeters are very accurate and reliable as there are no moving mechanical parts. However, they are somewhat more expensive than tachometric ones, and for their correct operation it is necessary that there are sufficiently long straight sections in the system before and after the meter (for tachometric meters, only a distance of three nominal meter diameters is sufficient).
The temperature sensor is an immersion thermal converter and is used to register the parameters of the coolant.
Heat calculator is an electronic microprocessor device that analyzes the results obtained by the flow and temperature sensors and calculates the amount of heat consumed, displaying it on the display. It is according to the indicators of the heat meter that payment for heating is made: on a predetermined control date, the current value is fixed. Thus, the amount of heat consumed per month is determined.
All obtained values are stored in the memory of the heat meter. Therefore, when buying a meter, you should choose models equipped with non-volatile memory, which is able to save data even with a very long power outage — up to three years. Most often, heat meters are powered by a built-in battery, which lasts for several years.
Heat saving
It is believed that metering devices of any resource allow saving this very resource. However, in reality, the meters make it possible to pay only for the volumes of heat, water or light actually consumed, and not for the established standards (usually calculated by the footage of the apartment). That is, after installing the meter, homeowners may pay less, but this is due only to the tariff policy of the state.
In order to save heat, it is necessary to reduce heat losses by installing energy-efficient equipment, insulating doors and windows, and using thermostats that allow you to individually change the temperature in the room. However, if an individual heat meter is not installed in the apartment, the residents have no financial reasons to take such measures.
Valtec heat meter with tachometric flowmeter.
General house and apartment heat meters
Heat meters can be aboutgeneral or individual. The installation of common house meters is carried out by the management company. The readings of the device are taken and divided by all registered residents of an apartment building, correlated with the area of the apartment and entered into receipts. To pay only for what you consume, you should pay attention to apartment meters. True, they can only be installed in the case of horizontal wiring of the heating system, when each apartment has a separate entrance. In modern houses under construction, just such a heating system is designed, so residents move into apartments already equipped with heat meters.
If the heating is organized vertically, with the help of risers — as in old houses, then you will have to install special devices called heat distributors, for each water heating radiator. The heat distributors calculate how much of the total building heat consumption falls on a specific heater due to the temperature difference between the radiator and the indoor air. Distributors have a number of disadvantages: high error, non-transparent calculation of the amount payable for residents, as well as the ability to artificially reduce the meter readings. These devices can be considered as a temporary measure for the transition to apartment heat metering.
Individual heat metering
It is important to take into account that the transfer of consumers to individual heat metering is carried out only on the condition that 50% of all residents of the building want to install an apartment meter. Unfortunately, if only one person in the entire apartment building wants to install a personal heat meter, he does not have the right to do so.
The initiator of the transition to a new scheme may be a general meeting of residents or a management company. In the first case, apartment owners submit a collective application to the management company to transfer the house to individual heat metering, in the second case, the management company collects signatures from residents who agree with the proposal.
Then the management company orders a project for the reconstruction of the heating system, which must necessarily pass the state examination, and in some cases, coordination with the heat supply organization, and remakes it on its own or with the help of installation specialists.
Requirements and installation of heat meters
The heat meter must have a GOST R certificate of conformity
It is better to entrust the installation of the meter to professionals — trusted companies that have all the relevant certificates and licenses, provide a guarantee, provide maintenance services and have extensive experience in this field. When accepting the meter, you need to make sure that the meter connection node makes it possible to disconnect the meter from the system so that it can be taken for verification.
So, a heat meter is a device that allows you to measure the flow of hot water used for space heating. Thanks to the installation of a heat meter, residents are able to pay only the actual consumption of the resource, and not the average standard established by housing and communal services.
The publication was prepared with the help of specialists from VESTA Trading
Source: TopClimat.ru
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